Leli phepha laqedwa ngokuhlanganyela nguV God kanye noThibault Schrepel, uprofesa oyisivakashi eParis School of Political Studies.I-athikili ifakazela ukuthi i-blockchain ingasiza ekufinyeleleni izinhloso zomthetho we-anti-monopoly lapho umthetho womthetho ungafanelekile.Ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nomthetho.Izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe kule njongo.
Umthetho womthetho awukuphathi konke ukusebenzelana kwabantu.Njengoba kurekhodiwe i-World Justice Project, ngezinye izikhathi amazwe azokweqa imingcele yezomthetho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, iziphathimandla zingase zingabi nobungane komunye nomunye futhi zenqabe ukuphoqelela imithetho yangaphandle.
Kulokhu, abantu bangase bafise ukuthembela kwezinye izindlela zokwandisa izithakazelo ezifanayo.

Lapho sibhekene nalesi simo, sihlose ukufakazela ukuthi i-blockchain iyikhandidethi elikhulu.

Ngokuqondile, sibonisa ukuthi ezindaweni lapho imithetho yomthetho ingasebenzi khona, i-blockchain ingafaka imithetho yokungathembeki.

I-Blockchain isungula ukwethembana phakathi kwamaqembu ezingeni ngalinye, okubenza bakwazi ukuhweba ngokukhululeka futhi bakhulise inhlalakahle yabathengi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-blockchain isiza futhi ukukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa, okuhambisana nomthetho wokungathembeki.Kodwa-ke, kunesisekelo sokuthi i-blockchain ingakwazi ukwengeza umthetho wokulwa no-monopoly kuphela uma izithiyo zomthetho zingavimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwawo.

Ngakho-ke, umthetho kufanele usekele ukuhlukaniswa kwe-blockchain ukuze izindlela ezisekelwe ku-blockchain zikwazi ukuthatha (ngisho noma zingaphelele) uma umthetho ungasebenzi.

Ngokubheka lokhu, sikholelwa ukuthi umthetho nobuchwepheshe kufanele kubhekwe njengabahlanganyeli, hhayi izitha, ngoba kunezinzuzo kanye nokubi okuhambisanayo.Futhi ukwenza kanjalo kuzoholela endleleni entsha “yomthetho nobuchwepheshe”.Sibonisa ukukhanga kwale ndlela ngokubonisa ukuthi i-blockchain yakha ukwethembana, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwenani lemisebenzi (Ingxenye 1), futhi ingase ikhuthaze ukunwetshwa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kuyo yonke ibhodi (Ingxenye 2).Umthetho kufanele ubhekwe uma ususetshenziswa (Ingxenye Yesithathu), futhi ekugcineni sifinyelela esiphethweni (Ingxenye Yesine).

I-DeFi

ingxenye yokuqala
Blockchain kanye trust

Umthetho womthetho wenza umdlalo ubambisane ngokuhlanganisa ababambiqhaza ndawonye.

Uma usebenzisa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, okufanayo kuyiqiniso kuma-blockchains (A).Lokhu kusho ukwanda kwenani lemisebenzi, okuzoba nemiphumela eminingi (B).

 

Ithiyori yomdlalo nesingeniso ku-blockchain
Kuthiyori yegeyimu, ukulingana kwe-Nash kuwumphumela wegeyimu engeyona yokubambisana lapho kungekho khona umhlanganyeli ongashintsha ngokuzimele isikhundla sakhe futhi abe ngcono.
Singathola ukulingana kwe-Nash kumdlalo ngamunye onesiphetho.Noma kunjalo, ukulingana kwe-Nash komdlalo akusho ukuthi i-Pareto ilungile.Ngamanye amazwi, kungase kube neminye imiphumela yegeyimu engcono kubahlanganyeli, kodwa edinga ukuzidela ngokuzinikela.

Ithiyori yomdlalo isiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ababambiqhaza bezimisele ukuhwebelana.

Uma umdlalo ungabambisene, umhlanganyeli ngamunye uzoziba amasu abanye ababambiqhaza abazowakhetha.Lokhu kungaqiniseki kungase kubenze bangabaze ukuhweba ngoba abanaso isiqiniseko sokuthi nabanye ababambiqhaza bazolandela inkambo eholela kuPareto optimality.Esikhundleni salokho, banokulingana okungahleliwe kwe-Nash kuphela.

Mayelana nalokhu, umthetho womthetho uvumela umhlanganyeli ngamunye ukuthi abophe abanye ababambiqhaza ngenkontileka.Isibonelo, uma uthengisa umkhiqizo kuwebhusayithi, noma ubani oqeda ingxenye yomsebenzi kuqala (isibonelo, ukhokha ngaphambi kokuthola umkhiqizo), usengozini.Umthetho ungasiza ukwakha ukwethembana ngokugqugquzela osonkontileka abancane ukuba bafeze izibopho zabo.

Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kuzoshintsha okwenziwayo kube igeyimu yokubambisana, ngakho kuyizintshisekelo zomuntu siqu zabahlanganyeli ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini ekhiqizayo kaningi.

Kungokufanayo nangezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile.Ingaqinisekisa ukuthi umhlanganyeli ngamunye usebenzisana nomunye ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yekhodi, futhi angase ajezise ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kwenzeka kwephulwa inkontileka.Ivumela ababambiqhaza ukuthi baqiniseke ngokwengeziwe ngomdlalo, ngaleyo ndlela bazuze ukulingana kwe-Nash kwe-Pareto.Ngokuvamile, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho yephasiwedi kungafaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yezomthetho, nakuba kuzoba nomehluko ekubhalweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemithetho.Ukwethenjwa kukhiqizwa kuphela ngekhodi ebhalwe ngolimi lwekhompyutha (hhayi ulimi lwabantu).

 

B Asikho isidingo se-antitrust trust
Ukuguqula igeyimu engeyona yokubambisana ibe igeyimu yokubambisana kuzokwakha ukwethembana futhi ekugcineni kuhumushele emisebenzini eyengeziwe eyenziwayo.Lona umphumela omuhle owamukelwa umphakathi wethu.Eqinisweni, umthetho wenkampani nomthetho wezinkontileka udlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wesimanje, ikakhulukazi ngokusungula isiqiniseko somthetho.Sikholelwa ukuthi i-blockchain iyafana.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukwanda kwenani lemisebenzi kuzophinde kuholele ekwenyukeni kwenani lemisebenzi engekho emthethweni.Isibonelo, lokhu kunjalo lapho inkampani ivuma intengo.

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, uhlelo lwezomthetho lulwela ukulingana phakathi kokudala isiqiniseko somthetho ngomthetho wangasese kanye nokuphoqelela umthetho womphakathi (njengemithetho yokungathembeki) kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemakethe.

Kodwa kuthiwani uma umthetho ungasebenzi, isibonelo, lapho iziphathimandla zingenabo ubungane komunye nomunye (izindaba ezithinta umngcele), noma lapho umbuso ungabeki imingcele engokomthetho kuma-ejenti awo noma izinhlangano ezizimele?Ukulinganisela okufanayo kungafinyelelwa kanjani?

Ngamanye amazwi, naphezu kokuqaliswa kokuthengiselana okungekho emthethweni phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingabe ukwanda kwenani lemisebenzi evunyelwe yi-blockchain (uma umthetho ungasebenzi) kunenzuzo enzuzweni evamile?Ngokuqondile, ingabe ukwakheka kwe-blockchain kufanele kuncike ezinhlosweni ezilandelwa umthetho wokungathembeki?

Uma kunjalo, kanjani?Yilokhu esikuxoxile engxenyeni yesibili.

 

 


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2020