Chaka chino, ndi kukulitsa kwa pulogalamu yoyendetsa ndege ya renminbi ya digito, anthu ochulukirapo akumana ndi mayeso a digito a renminbi;m'mabwalo akuluakulu azachuma, renminbi ya digito ndi mutu wotentha womwe sungathe kunyalanyazidwa.Komabe, renminbi ya digito, monga ndalama yodziyimira pawokha yazamalamulo ya digito, ili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana odziwitsa za renminbi ya digito ndi maboma, mabizinesi, ndi anthu kunyumba ndi kunja pakupita patsogolo.People's Bank of China ndi akatswiri ndi akatswiri ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana akupitiriza kukambirana za renminbi ya digito yomwe anthu amakhudzidwa nayo kwambiri.

Pamsonkhano waposachedwa wa International Financial Forum (IFF) 2021 Spring Meeting, Yao Qian, director of the Science and Technology Regulatory Bureau of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, adanena kuti kubadwa kwa renminbi ya digito kumagwirizana ndi mafunde a digito.Ndikofunikira kuti banki yapakati ipangitse mwachangu kutulutsa ndi kufalitsa ma tender ovomerezeka.Onani ndalama zadijito za banki yayikulu kuti mukwaniritse bwino ntchito yolipira mwalamulo, muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwa zida zolipirira zachinsinsi za digito, ndikuwongolera momwe malamulo amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mfundo zandalama zimathandizira.
Kukweza udindo wa ma tender ovomerezeka

Pa Epulo 28, Wapampando wa Fed Powell adanenanso za renminbi ya digito: "Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwenikweni ndikuthandiza boma kuwona zochitika zonse zenizeni.Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'dongosolo lawo lazachuma kuposa kuthana ndi mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi. "

Yao Qian akukhulupirira kuti "kuthandiza boma kuwona zochitika zenizeni zenizeni" sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti banki yayikulu yaku China ikuyesetse kuyesa ndalama za digito.Njira zolipirira zopanda ndalama za gulu lachitatu monga Alipay ndi WeChat zomwe aku China akhala akuzolowera kuti mwaukadaulo azindikira kuwonekera kwa zochitika zenizeni zenizeni, zomwe zapangitsanso chitetezo chachinsinsi cha data, kusadziwika, kulamulira, kuwonekera poyera ndi zina. nkhani.RMB yakonzedwanso pazinthu izi.

Kawirikawiri, kutetezedwa kwachinsinsi komanso kusadziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi digito renminbi ndipamwamba kwambiri pakati pa zida zolipirira zamakono.Renminbi ya digito imatengera kapangidwe ka "kusadziwika kwapang'ono komanso kutsatiridwa kwakukulu"."Kusadziwika kosinthika" ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa renminbi ya digito.Kumbali imodzi, ikuwonetsa momwe ilili M0 ndikuteteza zochitika zosadziwika bwino za anthu komanso chitetezo chazidziwitso zamunthu.Kumbali ina, ndi cholinga chofuna kupewa, kuwongolera ndi kuthana ndi kuba ndalama, kuthandizira zigawenga, kuzemba misonkho ndi zochitika zina zosavomerezeka ndi zachiwembu, komanso kusunga chitetezo chazachuma.

Ponena za ndalama za digito za banki yapakati zidzatsutsa momwe dola ya US ikuyendera ngati ndalama zapadziko lonse, Powell amakhulupirira kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa kwambiri.Yao Qian akukhulupirira kuti ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi za dollar yaku US zidapangidwa kale, ndipo ndalama zambiri zamalonda zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zolipira zodutsa malire zimachokera ku madola aku US.Ngakhale ndalama zina zapadziko lonse lapansi, monga Libra, zimafuna kuthana ndi zowawa zolipira malire, kufooketsa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi za dollar yaku US sicholinga cha CBDC.Kuyika ndalama mu digito kuli ndi malingaliro ake.

"M'kupita kwanthawi, kuwonekera kwa ndalama za digito kapena zida zolipirira digito zitha kusintha njira yomwe ilipo, koma izi ndi zotsatira za kusinthika kwachilengedwe pambuyo pakusintha kwa digito ndikusankha msika."Yao Qian anatero.

Ponena ngati renminbi digito ngati ndalama digito malamulo ali ndi kasamalidwe bwino ndi ulamuliro pa chuma Chinese, Qian Jun, mkulu mkulu ndi pulofesa wa zachuma pa Fanhai International School of Finance ya Fudan University, anauza mtolankhani wathu kuti renminbi digito sadzakhala kwathunthu. sinthani ndalama pakanthawi kochepa., Zosintha zomwe zingatheke ndi zazikulu.M'kanthawi kochepa, China idzakhala ndi magawo awiri a ndondomeko ya ndalama mofanana, imodzi ndikukhazikika bwino kwa digito ya renminbi, ndipo ina ndi ndalama zomwe zilipo panopa.Pakatikati ndi nthawi yayitali, kuyambitsidwa ndi kusinthika kwa teknoloji palokha kumafunanso kusintha mwadongosolo ndi kukweza ndi kugwirizanitsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana;zotsatira za ndondomeko ya ndalama zidzawonekeranso pakapita nthawi komanso nthawi yayitali.
Kuyika kwa digito RMB R&D

Pamsonkhano womwe tatchulawa, Yao Qian adawonetsa mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe kafukufuku wa ndalama za digito wa banki yayikulu ndi chitukuko akuyenera kuziganizira.

Choyamba, kodi njira yaukadaulo yokhazikika pamaakaunti kapena ma tokeni?

Malinga ndi malipoti a anthu, renminbi ya digito yatengera njira ya akaunti, pomwe mayiko ena asankha njira yaukadaulo yobisidwa yoimiridwa ndiukadaulo wa blockchain.Njira ziwiri zamaukadaulo zamaakaunti ndi ma token si ubale wapadziko lonse kapena wopanda kalikonse.M'malo mwake, ma tokeni ndi akaunti, koma mtundu watsopano wa akaunti - akaunti yosungidwa.Poyerekeza ndi maakaunti achikhalidwe, ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi mphamvu zodziyimira pawokha pamaakaunti osungidwa.

Yao Qian adati: "Mu 2014, tidachita kafukufuku wozama pazachuma chapakati komanso chokhazikika, kuphatikiza E-Cash ndi Bitcoin.Mwanjira ina, kuyesa koyambirira kwa ndalama za digito kwa People's Bank of China ndi Lingaliro la cryptocurrency ndilofanana.Tikuyembekezera kuwongolera kiyi ya cryptocurrency m'malo mokhota."

M'mbuyomu, banki yapakati idapanga njira yopangira ndalama zapakati pa banki yapakati pazachuma potengera "banki yapakati-zamalonda" yapawiri.Komabe, muzogulitsa zobwerezabwereza zokhazikitsidwa, chisankho chomaliza chinali kuyamba ndi njira yaukadaulo yozikidwa pamaakaunti achikhalidwe.

Yao Qian adatsindika kuti: "Tiyenera kuyang'ana momwe ndalama za digito za banki yayikulu zikukulirakulira.Ndikukula kosalekeza komanso kukhwima kwaukadaulo, ndalama za digito za banki yayikulu zitenganso ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri ndikuwongolera kamangidwe kake kaukadaulo. ”

Kachiwiri, pakuweruza kwa mtengo wa renminbi ya digito, kodi banki yayikulu ili ndi ngongole mwachindunji kapena bungwe loyendetsa ntchito lili ndi ngongole?Kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa ziwirizi kwagona pamndandanda wamilandu ya banki yapakati, yomwe imalemba ndalama zadijito zapakati pa banki yapakati kapena nkhokwe ya bungwe lomwe limagwira ntchito.

Ngati bungwe loyendetsa ntchito lipereka 100% ya thumba la ndalama ndi banki yayikulu ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhokwe kuti ipereke ndalama za digito, ndiye kuti ndalama za digito za banki yayikulu zimatchedwa CBDC yopanga padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ili yofanana ndi banki yaku Hong Kong yopereka zolemba. .Chitsanzochi chadzetsa nkhawa za Kafukufuku m'mabungwe ambiri kuphatikiza Central Bank of China ndi International Monetary Fund.Mayiko ena amagwiritsabe ntchito njira yachikhalidwe ya banki yayikulu yobwereketsa ngongole.

Chachitatu, kodi zomangamanga zogwirira ntchito zamagulu awiri kapena gawo limodzi?

Pakalipano, dongosolo la magawo awiri pang'onopang'ono likupanga mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko.Digital RMB imagwiritsanso ntchito makina opangira magawo awiri.Yao Qian adati opaleshoni yamagulu awiri ndi ntchito imodzi si njira ina.Awiriwo n'zogwirizana kwa owerenga kusankha.

Ngati ndalama za digito za banki yapakati zimayendetsa mwachindunji pamaneti a blockchain monga Ethereum ndi Diem, ndiye kuti banki yapakati ingagwiritse ntchito ntchito zawo za BaaS kuti ipereke mwachindunji ndalama za digito za banki yapakati kwa ogwiritsa ntchito popanda kufunika kwa oyimira pakati.Ntchito zamagawo amodzi zitha kupangitsa kuti ndalama za digito za banki yayikulu zithandizire bwino magulu opanda maakaunti aku banki ndikuphatikizanso ndalama.

Chachinayi, kodi digito ya renminbi ili ndi chidwi?Kuwerengera chiwongoladzanja kungayambitse kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama kuchokera ku mabanki amalonda kupita ku banki yaikulu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ngongole ya banki yonse ndikukhala "banki yopapatiza".

Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa Yao Qian, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mabanki apakati akuwoneka kuti sakuwopa pang'ono kukhudzidwa kwa banki ya CBDC.Mwachitsanzo, European Central Bank a digito yuro lipoti akufuna otchedwa olowa chiwongola dzanja mawerengedwe dongosolo, amene amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo kusintha chiwongola dzanja kuwerengetsera chiwongola dzanja osiyana digito yuro akugwira kuchepetsa mphamvu ya yuro digito pa makampani banki, bata zachuma, ndi kutumiza ndondomeko ya ndalama.Renminbi ya digito pakadali pano siyiganizira kuwerengera chiwongola dzanja.

Chachisanu, kodi njira yoperekera iyenera kukhala yopereka mwachindunji kapena kusinthana?

Kusiyana pakati pa kutulutsa ndalama ndi kusinthanitsa ndikuti zakale zimayambitsidwa ndi banki yayikulu ndipo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;chomalizacho chimayambitsidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndipo amasinthanitsa pakufunika.

Kodi kupangidwa kwa ndalama zadijito ku banki yayikulu kumaperekedwa kapena kusinthidwa?Zimatengera malo ake komanso zosowa za ndondomeko ya ndalama.Ngati ndi M0 yokha m'malo, ndiye kuti ndi yofanana ndi ndalama, zomwe zimasinthidwa pakufunika;ngati banki yayikulu ikupereka ndalama zadijito kumsika kudzera muzogula zinthu kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zandalama, ndikutulutsa kowonjezereka.Kutulutsa kowonjezereka kuyenera kutanthauzira mitundu yoyenerera yazinthu ndikugwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka ndi mitengo yoyenera.

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, kodi makontrakitala anzeru angakhudze ntchito ya chipukuta misozi?

Ntchito zofufuza za ndalama za digito zamabanki apakati omwe Canada, Singapore, European Central Bank, ndi Bank of Japan onse ayesa mapangano anzeru.

Yao Qian adanena kuti ndalama zadijito sizingakhale zongoyerekeza chabe za ndalama zakuthupi, ndipo ngati zabwino za "digito" ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndalama za digito zamtsogolo zidzasunthira ku ndalama zanzeru.Zochitika zam'mbuyomu zangozi zamakina zomwe zidachitika chifukwa chachitetezo chachitetezo m'mapangano anzeru zikuwonetsa kuti kukhwima kwaukadaulo kuyenera kuwongolera.Chifukwa chake, ndalama za digito za banki yapakati ziyenera kuyamba ndi mapangano osavuta anzeru ndikukulitsa pang'onopang'ono kuthekera kwake poganizira zonse zachitetezo.

Chachisanu ndi chiwiri, malingaliro owongolera amayenera kulinganiza pakati pa chitetezo chachinsinsi ndi kutsata malamulo.

Kumbali imodzi, KYC, kuwononga ndalama, ndalama zolimbana ndi zigawenga, komanso kuzemba misonkho ndizomwe zikuyenera kutsatira ndalama za digito za banki yayikulu.Kumbali ina, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama zachitetezo chachinsinsi cha ogwiritsa ntchito.Zotsatira za zokambirana za anthu a European Central Bank pa yuro ya digito zikuwonetsanso kuti anthu okhalamo ndi akatswiri omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zokambiranazo amakhulupirira kuti zachinsinsi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga yuro ya digito.

Yao Qian anatsindika kuti m'dziko la digito, kutsimikizika kwa zidziwitso za digito, nkhani zachinsinsi, nkhani zachitetezo kapena malingaliro akuluakulu olamulira amafunikira kuti tifufuze mozama.

Yao Qian ananenanso kuti kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha banki chapakati digito ndalama za digito ndi zovuta zokhudza zonse ntchito, amene si vuto m'munda luso, komanso kumakhudza malamulo ndi malamulo, kukhazikika kwachuma, ndondomeko ndalama, kuyang'anira ndalama, ndalama mayiko ndi minda ina yotakata.Dola yamakono, yuro ya digito, ndi yen ya digito zikuwoneka kuti zikupita patsogolo.Poyerekeza ndi iwo, kupikisana kwa digito renminbi kumafuna kulingalira kwina.