Gore rino, nekuwedzera kwedhijitari renminbi pilot chirongwa, vanhu vakawanda vakasangana nedhijitari renminbi test version;mumaforamu makuru emari, iyo digital renminbi zvakare inyaya inopisa isingagone kufuratirwa.Nekudaro, iyo renminbi yedhijitari, semari yakazvimirira yedhijitari yepamutemo, ine mazinga akasiyana ekuziva nezve renminbi yedhijitari nehurumende, mabhizinesi, uye vanhu vari kumba nekune dzimwe nyika mukuita kufambira mberi.People's Bank of China uye nyanzvi nenyanzvi kubva kumativi ese ehupenyu vanoramba vachikurukura nezve renminbi yedhijitari iyo vanhu vari kunyanya kunetseka nayo.

Pamusangano weInternational Financial Forum (IFF) 2021 Spring Meeting, Yao Qian, director weSainzi neTekinoroji Regulatory Bureau yeChina Securities Regulatory Commission, akataura kuti kuzvarwa kwedhijitari renminbi kuri mumamiriro eiyo digital wave.Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti bhangi repakati rishande innovation kuburitsa uye kutenderera kwemutemo tender.Ongorora mari yedhijitari yebhangi repakati kuti ukwidzise basa rekubhadhara retenda yepamutemo, kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwematurusi ekubhadhara edhijitari, uye kugadzirisa chimiro chetenda yepamutemo uye kushanda kwegwara remari.
Kuvandudza chimiro chepamutemo chetenda

Musi waKubvumbi 28, Sachigaro weFed Powell akataura nezve renminbi yedhijitari: "Kushandisa kwayo chaiko kubatsira hurumende kuona zvese zvenguva chaiyo.Izvo zvine chekuita nezviri kuitika muhurongwa hwavo hwemari pane kubata nemakwikwi epasirese. "

Yao Qian anotenda kuti "kubatsira hurumende kuona zvese zvenguva-chaiyo kutengeserana" hakusi kurudziro yekuedza kwemari yedhijitari yebhangi reChina.Iyo yechitatu-bato isiri-yemari nzira dzekubhadhara dzakadai seAlipay uye WeChat idzo maChinese anga ajaira kuziva nehunyanzvi kujeka kwezvese-chaiyo-nguva kutengeserana, izvo zvakakonzerawo kuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika kwedata, kusazivikanwa, monopoly, kudzora pachena uye zvimwe. nyaya.Iyo RMB yakagadziridzwa zvakare kune idzi nyaya.

Kazhinji, kuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika uye kusazivikanwa kwevashandisi nedhijitari renminbi ndiyo yepamusoro pakati pezvishandiso zvekubhadhara zvazvino.Iyo renminbi yedhijitari inotora dhizaini ye "zvishoma kusazivikanwa uye yakakura kuwanda kuteedzera"."Controlable kusazivikanwa" chinhu chakakosha chedhijitari renminbi.Kune rimwe divi, inoratidzira nzvimbo yayo yeM0 uye inodzivirira ruzhinji rwevanhu rusingazivikanwe kutengeserana uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemunhu.Nekune rimwe divi, zvakare chinangwa chekudzivirira, kutonga uye kurwisa kubiwa kwemari, kupa mari yemagandanga, kunzvenga mutero uye mamwe mabasa asiri pamutemo uye ehutsotsi, uye kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwemari.

Nezve kana mari yedhijitari yebhangi repakati ichapikisa chimiro chedhora rekuUS semari yepasi rose, Powell anotenda kuti zvachose hapana chikonzero chekunetseka zvakanyanya.Yao Qian anotenda kuti chimiro chemari yepasi rose cheUS dhora chakaumbwa kare, uye mari zhinji dzekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uye kuyambuka miganhu parizvino kwakavakirwa pamadhora ekuUS.Kunyangwe mamwe mastablecoins epasi rose, akadai seLibra, aine chinangwa chekugadzirisa marwadzo ekubhadharisa kuyambuka, kunetesa chimiro chemari yepasirese yedhora reUS hachisi icho chinangwa cheCBDC.Iyo digitization yemari yakazvimirira ine logic yayo.

"Nekufamba kwenguva, kubuda kwemari yedhijitari kana maturusi ekubhadhara edhijitari anogona kushandura maitiro aripo, asi ndiwo mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwechisikigo mushure mekuita kwedhijitari uye kusarudzwa kwemusika."Yao Qian akadaro.

Nezve kana iyo renminbi yedhijitari semari yepamutemo yedhijitari ine manejimendi ari nani uye kutonga pamusoro pehupfumi hweChinese, Qian Jun, mukuru wedhipatimendi uye purofesa wezvemari paFanhai International School of Finance yeFudan University, akaudza mutori wedu wenhau kuti renminbi yedhijitari haizonyatso kurongeka. kutsiva mari munguva pfupi., Izvo zvinogona kuchinja zvakakura zvishoma.Nenguva pfupi, China ichava nemaseti maviri emari masisitimu akafanana, imwe ndiyo inogadzirisa kugadzirisa kwedhijitari renminbi, uye imwe ndiyo mari iripo mukutenderera.Munguva yepakati uye yakareba, kuiswa uye kuvandudzwa kwe teknolojia pachayo inodawo kurongeka kwekushandura nekusimudzira uye kurongeka kwemaitiro akasiyana;kukanganiswa kwemutemo wezvemari kuchaonekwawo munguva yepakati uye kwenguva refu.
Digital RMB R&D inotarisa

Pamusangano wambotaurwa, Yao Qian akanongedza mapoinzi manomwe anofanirwa kutariswa nebhanga repakati mari yedhijitari nekusimudzira.

Chekutanga pane zvese, ndiyo nzira yehunyanzvi yakavakirwa pamaakaundi kana tokens?

Zvinoenderana neruzhinji mishumo, iyo dhijitari renminbi yatora iyo account nzira, nepo dzimwe nyika dzakasarudza yakavanzika mari tekinoroji nzira inomiririrwa ne blockchain tekinoroji.Iwo maviri tekinoroji nzira dzeakaundi-yakavakirwa uye tokeni-yakavakirwa haisi hukama hwese-kana-hapana.Muchidimbu, tokens iakaundi, asi rudzi rutsva rweakaundi-akaundi yakavharidzirwa.Kuenzaniswa nemaakaundi echinyakare, vashandisi vane yakasimba yakazvimirira kutonga pamusoro peakavharirwa maakaundi.

Yao Qian akati: "Muna 2014, takaita tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamusoro pepakati uye nedecentralized cryptocurrencies, kusanganisira E-Cash neBitcoin.Neimwe nzira, yekutanga mari yedhijitari kuyedza yePeople's Bank yeChina uye Pfungwa yecryptocurrency yakafanana.Tinotarisira kudzora kiyi ye cryptocurrency pane kutora nzira. "

Pakutanga, bhangi repakati rakagadzira quasi-production-level central bank digital currency prototype system yakavakirwa pa "central bank-commercial bank" dual system.Nekudaro, mukuchinjana kwakadzokororwa kwekuita, sarudzo yekupedzisira yaive yekutanga nehunyanzvi nzira yakavakirwa pamaakaundi echinyakare.

Yao Qian akasimbisa kuti: “Tinofanirwa kutarisa kuvandudzwa kwemari yedhijitari yebhanga guru renyika kubva pamaonero ane simba.Nekuenderera mberi nekusimudzira uye kukura kwetekinoroji, mari yebhanga repakati ichatorawo matekinoroji akasiyana siyana uye nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza tekinoroji yayo yekuvaka. "

Chechipiri, pakutonga kwekukosha hunhu hwedhijitari renminbi, iyo bhangi repakati rine chikwereti chakananga here kana iyo inoshanda agency ine chikwereti?Musiyano wakakosha uripo pakati pezviviri izvi uri mubhanga repakati pebhangi rechikwereti chechikwereti, iro rinorekodha wekupedzisira mushandisi wepakati pebhangi mari yedhijitari kana chengetedzo yeajensi inoshanda.

Kana sangano rinoshanda richiisa zana rehomwe yekuchengetera mari kubhangi repakati uye richishandisa senzvimbo yekuchengetera mari yedhijitari, ipapo mari yebhanga repakati inonzi inonzi CBDC yekugadzira pasi rose, yakafanana neyeHong Kong's inoburitsa mabhangi system. .Iyi modhi yakakonzera kushushikana kweKutsvagisa kwemasangano mazhinji anosanganisira Central Bank yeChina neInternational Monetary Fund.Dzimwe nyika dzichiri kushandisa iyo yechinyakare central bank yakananga chikwereti modhi.

Chechitatu, iko kushanda kwekuvaka-mbiri-tier kana imwe-tier?

Parizvino, chimiro chezvikamu zviviri zvishoma nezvishoma chiri kugadzira kubvumirana pakati penyika.Digital RMB inoshandisawo maviri-tier inoshanda sisitimu.Yao Qian akati maviri-tier oparesheni uye imwechete-tier oparesheni haisi imwe nzira.Izvo zviviri zvinoenderana nevashandisi kusarudza kubva.

Kana mari yedhijitari yebhangi repakati ichimhanya zvakananga pamanetiweki e blockchain akadai seEthereum neDiem, ipapo bhangi repakati rinogona kushandisa masevhisi avo eBaaS kuti vape zvakananga mari yedhijitari yebhangi kune vashandisi pasina kudiwa kwevamiriri.Single-tier mashandiro anogona kugonesa bhanga repakati mari yedhijitari kubatsira zvirinani mapoka asina maakaundi ekubhangi uye kuwana kubatanidzwa kwemari.

Chechina, iyo yedhijitari renminbi inobereka here?Kuverengera mubereko kunogona kutungamirira kukuendesa mari kubva kumabhangi ekutengeserana kuenda kubhangi guru, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwechikwereti chemari yebhangi rose uye kuva "bhangi rakamanikana".

Zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwaYao Qian, mumakore achangopfuura, mabhanga epakati anoita seasingatye zvakanyanya neiyo nhete yekubhanga kweCBDC.Semuyenzaniso, European Central Bank's digital euro report yakaronga inonzi hierarchical interest calculation system, iyo inoshandisa mibairo yakasiyana-siyana kuverenga mubereko pane dzakasiyana siyana dzedhijitari euro holdings kuti kuderedze kukanganiswa kweiyo digitaalinen euro paindasitiri yekubhanga, kugadzikana kwemari, uye kuendesa mutemo wemari.Iyo digital renminbi parizvino haitarise kuverenga kwechido.

Chechishanu, iyo modhi yekuburitsa inofanira kunge iri yekuburitsa kana kuchinjana?

Musiyano uripo pakati pekupihwa kwemari nekutsinhana ndewekuti yekutanga inotangwa nebhangi repakati uye ndeyekugovera kunoshanda;iyo yekupedzisira inotangwa nevashandisi vemari uye inotsinhana pane zvinodiwa.

Ko chizvarwa chebhangi repakati mari yedhijitari yakapihwa kana kuchinjaniswa?Zvinoenderana nekumisikidzwa kwayo uye zvinodiwa nemutemo wemari.Kana iri M0 chete kutsiva, saka yakafanana nemari, iyo inotsinhaniswa pane zvinodiwa;kana bhangi repakati richiburitsa mari dzedhijitari kumusika kuburikidza nekutenga midziyo kuitira kuti uwane zvinangwa zvemari, iko kuburitswa kwakawedzera.Kuwedzera kuburitswa kunofanirwa kutsanangura mhando dzeasset dzakakwaniriswa uye kushanda nehuwandu hwakakodzera nemitengo.

Yechitanhatu, zvibvumirano zvakangwara zvichakanganisa basa remuripo wepamutemo?

Mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa mari yebhangi repakati akaitwa neCanada, Singapore, European Central Bank, uye Bhangi reJapan vese vakaedza zvibvumirano zvakangwara.

Yao Qian akati mari yedhijitari haigone kungoita kuenzanisa kwemari yepanyama, uye kana zvakanakira "digital" zvichizoshandiswa, mari yeramangwana yedhijitari ichaenda kune yakangwara mari.Mhosva dzakapfuura dzenjodzi dzehurongwa dzakakonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza mumakontrakiti akangwara dzinoratidza kuti kukura kwetekinoroji kunoda kuvandudzwa.Naizvozvo, yepakati bhangi digitaalinen mari anofanira kutanga nyore akangwara zvibvumirano uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kwayo kwaanogona pahwaro hwakazara kufunga kuchengeteka.

Yechinomwe, zvinotariswa zvekutonga zvinofanirwa kuenzanisa chiyero pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika uye kutevedzera mutemo.

Kune rimwe divi, KYC, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, uye kusabhadhara mutero ndiwo nhungamiro dzinofanirwa kutevedzerwa nebhanga guru renyika.Kune rimwe divi, zvinodikanwa kunyatso funga nezve kuchengetedzwa kwekuvanzika kwevashandisi.Mhedzisiro yekubvunzana neruzhinji kweEuropean Central Bank pamusoro pedhijitari euros inoratidzawo kuti vagari nenyanzvi dzakabatanidzwa mukubvunzana vanotenda kuti kuvanzika ndiyo inonyanya kukosha dhizaini yedhijitari euro.

Yao Qian akasimbisa kuti munyika yedhijitari, huchokwadi hwekuzivikanwa kwedhijitari, nyaya dzekuvanzika, nyaya dzekuchengetedza kana zvirevo zvakakura zvehutongi hwemagariro zvinoda kuti tiite tsvakiridzo yakadzama.

Yao Qian akataura zvakare kuti bhanga repakati rekutsvagisa mari yedhijitari uye kusimudzira ibasa rakaoma rehurongwa, iro risiri dambudziko mundima yehunyanzvi, asi rinosanganisira mitemo nemirairo, kugadzikana kwemari, mutemo wemari, kutungamira kwezvemari, mari yepasi rose uye mamwe minda yakakura.Dhora redhijitari razvino, euro yedhijitari, uye yen yedhijitari zvinoita kunge zviri kuwedzera simba.Kuenzaniswa navo, kukwikwidza kwedhijitari renminbi kunoda kumwe kutariswa.