Uyu mwaka, hamwe no kwagura gahunda ya pilato ya digitale ya digitale, abantu benshi kandi benshi bahuye na verisiyo ya test ya renminbi;mumahuriro akomeye yimari, renminbi ya digitale nayo ni ingingo ishyushye idashobora kwirengagizwa.Nyamara, ifaranga rya digitale, nkifaranga ryigenga ryigenga rya digitale, rifite urwego rutandukanye rwo kumenya ifaranga rya digitale na guverinoma, ibigo, nabantu mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga mugikorwa cyiterambere.Banki y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa n'impuguke n'intiti z'ingeri zose bakomeje kuganira ku ifaranga rya digitale abantu bahangayikishijwe cyane.

Mu nama mpuzamahanga y’imari iheruka (IFF) 2021 mu nama y’impeshyi, Yao Qian, umuyobozi w’ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga muri komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura amasoko y’Ubushinwa, yavuze ko ivuka ry’ifaranga rya digitale riri mu rwego rw’umurongo wa interineti.Birakenewe ko banki nkuru ivugurura byimazeyo itangwa nogukwirakwiza amasoko yemewe.Shakisha ifaranga rya banki nkuru kugirango hongerwe imikorere yo kwishyura amasoko yemewe, kugabanya ingaruka z ibikoresho byishyurwa byigenga byigenga, no kunoza imiterere yamasoko yemewe namategeko ya politiki yifaranga.
Kunoza imiterere yamasoko yemewe

Ku ya 28 Mata, Umuyobozi wa Federasiyo, Powell yagize icyo avuga ku bijyanye n’ifaranga rya digitale: “Ikoreshwa ryayo ni ugufasha guverinoma kubona ibikorwa byose byakozwe mu gihe gikwiye.Bifitanye isano cyane n'ibibera muri gahunda yabo y’imari kuruta guhangana n'amarushanwa mpuzamahanga. ”

Yao Qian yizera ko "gufasha guverinoma kubona ibikorwa byose byakozwe mu gihe gikwiye" atari byo bitera banki nkuru y'Ubushinwa igerageza ry'ifaranga rya digitale.Uburyo bwa gatatu butari uburyo bwo kwishyura butari amafaranga nka Alipay na WeChat abashinwa bamaze kumenyera kuba barabonye tekinike muburyo bwo gukorera mu mucyo ibikorwa byose byigihe, ibyo bikaba byanatumye habaho kurinda amakuru yibanga, kutamenyekana, kwiharira, gukorera mu mucyo nibindi ibibazo.Amafaranga nayo yatejwe imbere kuri ibyo bibazo.

Muri rusange, kurinda ubuzima bwite no kutamenyekanisha kwabakoresha na renminbi ya digitale ni byinshi mubikoresho byo kwishyura ubu.Ifaranga rya digitale ryifashisha igishushanyo cya "umubare muto utazwi kandi umubare munini ukurikiranwa"."Kugenzurwa kutamenyekana" ni ikintu cyingenzi kiranga amafaranga.Ku ruhande rumwe, irerekana M0 ihagaze kandi ikarinda abaturage gushyira mu gaciro ibikorwa bitamenyekana no kurinda amakuru bwite.Ku rundi ruhande, ni ngombwa kandi gukumira, kugenzura no kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga, gutera inkunga iterabwoba, kunyereza imisoro n’ibindi bikorwa bitemewe n’ubugizi bwa nabi, no kubungabunga umutekano w’amafaranga.

Ku bijyanye n’uko banki nkuru y’ifaranga rya digitale izahangana n’amadolari y’Amerika nk’ifaranga ry’isi yose, Powell yizera ko muri rusange nta mpamvu yo guhangayika cyane.Yao Qian yizera ko amadolari y’Amerika y’ifaranga mpuzamahanga yashizweho mu mateka, kandi ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’ubwishyu bwambukiranya imipaka bishingiye ku madorari y’Amerika.Nubwo ibiceri bimwe na bimwe bihamye ku isi, nka Libra, bigamije gukemura ibibazo by’ububabare bwo kwambuka imipaka, kugabanya amadolari y’Amerika ku rwego mpuzamahanga ntabwo byanze bikunze intego ya CBDC.Gukwirakwiza amafaranga yigenga afite logique yihariye.

Ati: “Mu gihe kirekire, kugaragara kw'ifaranga rya sisitemu cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwishyura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa digitale birashobora rwose guhindura uburyo buriho, ariko ibyo ni ibisubizo by'ihindagurika risanzwe nyuma yo gukoresha imibare no guhitamo isoko.”Yao Qian ati.

Ku bijyanye n’uko amafaranga y’ifaranga nk’ifaranga ryemewe n’amategeko afite imiyoborere myiza n’ubugenzuzi ku bukungu bw’Ubushinwa, Qian Jun, umuyobozi mukuru akaba n'umwarimu w’imari mu ishuri mpuzamahanga ry’imari rya Fanhai muri kaminuza ya Fudan, yabwiye umunyamakuru wacu ko amafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga atazigera yuzura gusimbuza amafaranga mugihe gito., Impinduka zishobora kuba nini.Mu gihe gito, Ubushinwa buzaba bufite ibice bibiri bya sisitemu y’ifaranga mu buryo bubangikanye, kimwe ni ugukemura neza amafaranga y’ifaranga, naho ubundi ni ifaranga rigezweho.Mu gihe giciriritse kandi kirekire, kwinjiza no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ubwabyo bisaba kandi guhindura gahunda no kuzamura no guhuza sisitemu zitandukanye;ingaruka kuri politiki yifaranga nayo izagaragara mugihe giciriritse kandi kirekire.
Umubare w'amafaranga R&D yibanze

Muri iyo nama tumaze kuvuga, Yao Qian yerekanye ingingo zirindwi zingenzi ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rya banki nkuru bigomba gusuzuma.

Mbere ya byose, inzira ya tekiniki ishingiye kuri konti cyangwa ibimenyetso?

Nk’uko raporo za rubanda zibitangaza, ifaranga rya digitale ryakoresheje inzira ya konti, mu gihe ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byahisemo inzira y’ikoranabuhanga ryihishwa ryerekanwa n’ikoranabuhanga rya blocain.Inzira ebyiri tekinike ya konte ishingiye kuri token-ishingiye ntabwo ari isano-yose-ntakindi.Mubusanzwe, ibimenyetso nabyo ni konte, ariko ubwoko bushya bwa konti-konte ihishe.Ugereranije na konti gakondo, abakoresha bafite imbaraga zigenga kugenzura konti zifunze.

Yao Qian yagize ati: “Mu mwaka wa 2014, twakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bijyanye no gukoresha amafaranga akoreshwa mu bumenyi rusange, harimo E-Cash na Bitcoin.Mu buryo bumwe, igeragezwa ry'ifaranga rya mbere rya banki ya rubanda y'Ubushinwa hamwe n'igitekerezo cyo gukoresha amafaranga ni kimwe.Dutegereje kugenzura urufunguzo rwo gukoresha amafaranga aho gufata inzira. ”

Mbere, banki nkuru yari yarashyizeho uburyo bwo kwipimisha-urwego-rwa banki nkuru yububiko bwa sisitemu ya prototype ishingiye kuri sisitemu ebyiri "banki nkuru yubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi".Nyamara, mubucuruzi bwagiye busubirwamo, guhitamo kwa nyuma kwari ugutangirira kumuhanda wa tekiniki ushingiye kuri konti gakondo.

Yao Qian yashimangiye ati: “Tugomba kureba iterambere ry’ifaranga rya banki nkuru y’igihugu duhereye ku buryo bugaragara.Hamwe n'iterambere rikomeje kandi rikura mu ikoranabuhanga, ifaranga rya banki nkuru ya digitale naryo rizakoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye kandi rinonosore uburyo bwo kubaka tekinike. ”

Icya kabiri, kugirango hamenyekane ikiranga agaciro k'ifaranga rya digitale, banki nkuru iraberewemo umwenda cyangwa ikigo gikora imyenda?Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yibi byombi biri mu nkingi y’imyenda ya banki nkuru, yandika umukoresha wa banki nkuru y’ifaranga rya digitale cyangwa ikigega cy’ikigo gikora.

Niba ikigo gikora kibitse 100% yikigega cyabigenewe muri banki nkuru kandi kikagikoresha nkikigega cyo gutanga ifaranga rya digitale, noneho ifaranga rya digitale ya banki nkuru ryitwa synthique CBDC mpuzamahanga, ibyo bikaba bisa na sisitemu ya banki ya Hong Kong itanga inoti. .Iyi moderi yateje impungenge ubushakashatsi bwibigo byinshi birimo Banki nkuru yUbushinwa n’ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari.Ibihugu bimwe biracyakoresha uburyo bwa banki nkuru yuburyo bwimyenda.

Icya gatatu, imyubakire ikora ni ibyiciro bibiri cyangwa urwego rumwe?

Kugeza ubu, ibyiciro byombi bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro mu bihugu.Digital RMB ikoresha kandi sisitemu yo gukora ibyiciro bibiri.Yao Qian yavuze ko imikorere y'ibyiciro bibiri n'ibikorwa byo mu rwego rumwe atari ubundi buryo.Byombi birahuza abakoresha guhitamo.

Niba banki nkuru yifaranga rya digitale ikorera kumurongo uhuza abantu nka Ethereum na Diem, banki nkuru irashobora gukoresha serivise zabo za BaaS kugirango itange amafaranga yimibare ya banki nkuru kubakoresha bitabaye ngombwa ko bahuza.Ibikorwa byo murwego rumwe birashobora gutuma banki nkuru yifaranga rya digitale kugirango yunguke neza amatsinda adafite konti ya banki kandi agere kumafaranga.

Icya kane, renminbi ya digitale ifite inyungu?Kubara inyungu birashobora gutuma ihererekanya ryabitswe muri banki zubucuruzi muri banki nkuru, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwinguzanyo zinguzanyo za sisitemu yose kandi bigahinduka "banki ifunganye".

Nk’uko isesengura rya Yao Qian ribivuga, mu myaka yashize, banki nkuru zisa nkudatinya ingaruka z’amabanki make ya CBDC.Kurugero, raporo y’amayero ya banki nkuru y’ibihugu by’i Burayi yatanze icyifuzo cyiswe uburyo bwo kubara inyungu zishingiye ku nzego, ikoresha igipimo cy’inyungu zinyuranye mu kubara inyungu ku nyungu z’amayero atandukanye kugira ngo igabanye ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ama euro ya digitale ku nganda z’amabanki, ihungabana ry’imari, no kohereza politiki y'ifaranga.Ifaranga rya digitale ntirishobora kubara inyungu.

Icya gatanu, icyitegererezo cyo gutanga kigomba gutangwa cyangwa guhana?

Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutanga amafaranga no kuvunja nuko iyambere yatangijwe na banki nkuru kandi ni iyitangwa rikora;icya nyuma gitangizwa nabakoresha amafaranga kandi ni uguhana kubisabwa.

Iyaruka rya banki nkuru yama faranga yatanzwe cyangwa yaravunjwe?Biterwa nuko ihagaze hamwe na politiki yifaranga.Niba ari ugusimbuza M0 gusa, noneho ni kimwe namafaranga, ahinduranya kubisabwa;niba banki nkuru itanga isoko ryifaranga rya digitale ku isoko binyuze mu kugura umutungo kugirango igere ku ntego za politiki y’ifaranga, ni itangwa ryagutse.Gutanga kwaguka bigomba gusobanura ubwoko bwumutungo wujuje ibyangombwa kandi bugakorana nibiciro bikwiye.

Icya gatandatu, amasezerano yubwenge azagira ingaruka kumikorere yindishyi zemewe?

Imishinga y’ubushakashatsi bw’ifaranga rya banki nkuru yakozwe na Kanada, Singapore, Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi, na Banki y’Ubuyapani byose byagerageje amasezerano y’ubwenge.

Yao Qian yavuze ko ifaranga rya digitale ridashobora kuba gusa kwigana ifaranga ry’umubiri, kandi niba hagomba gukoreshwa inyungu za “digital”, amafaranga y’ejo hazaza azahita yerekeza ku ifaranga ry’ubwenge.Ibihe byambere byibiza bya sisitemu biterwa nintege nke zumutekano mumasezerano yubwenge byerekana ko gukura kwikoranabuhanga bigomba kunozwa.Niyo mpamvu, banki nkuru y’ifaranga rya digitale igomba gutangirana namasezerano yoroshye yubwenge kandi ikagura buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwayo hashingiwe ku gusuzuma neza umutekano.

Icya karindwi, ibitekerezo byateganijwe bigomba gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo kurinda ubuzima bwite no kubahiriza amabwiriza.

Ku ruhande rumwe, KYC, kurwanya ruswa, gutera inkunga iterabwoba, no kunyereza imisoro n’amabwiriza shingiro banki nkuru nkuru igomba gukurikiza.Kurundi ruhande, birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo kurinda ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha.Ibyavuye mu nama rusange y’amabanki y’ibihugu by’i Burayi ku nama rusange y’amayero yerekana kandi ko abaturage n’inzobere bagize uruhare muri iyo nama bemeza ko ubuzima bwite ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kiranga ibishushanyo mbonera.

Yao Qian yashimangiye ko ku isi ya digitale, ukuri kw'irangamuntu, ibibazo by’ibanga, ibibazo by’umutekano cyangwa ibyifuzo binini by’imiyoborere myiza bidusaba gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.

Yao Qian yakomeje agaragaza ko banki nkuru y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ifaranga ari umushinga utoroshye, atari ikibazo gusa mu rwego rwa tekiniki, ariko kandi kirimo amategeko n'amabwiriza, ihungabana ry’imari, politiki y’ifaranga, kugenzura imari, imari mpuzamahanga na indi mirima yagutse.Amadolari ya none, amayero ya digitale, na yen ya digitale asa nkaho agenda yiyongera.Ugereranije na bo, guhatanira amadosiye ya digitale bisaba kwitabwaho.