Kulo nyaka, kunye nokwandiswa kwenkqubo yokulinga i-digital renminbi, abantu abaninzi baye bafumana inguqulo yovavanyo lwe-digital renminbi;kwiiforamu ezinkulu zemali, i-digital renminbi nayo ingumxholo oshushu ongenakuhoywa.Nangona kunjalo, i-renminbi yedijithali, njengemali esemthethweni yedijithali ezimeleyo, inamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuqonda i-renminbi yedijithali ngoorhulumente, amashishini, kunye nabantu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwinkqubo yokuqhubela phambili.IBhanki yaBantu yaseTshayina kunye neengcali kunye nabafundi abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi baqhubeka bexoxa nge-digital renminbi abantu abaxhalabele ngayo.

Kwi-Forum yezeMali yamazwe ngamazwe (IFF) 2021 Spring Meeting yakutshanje, u-Yao Qian, umlawuli we-Bureau yoLawulo lweSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yeKomishoni yoLawulo lwezoKhuseleko lwaseChina, wathi ukuzalwa kwe-digital renminbi kumxholo we-digital wave.Kuyimfuneko ukuba ibhanki enguvimba iqalise ngokusebenzayo ukukhutshwa kunye nokusasazwa kweethenda ezisemthethweni.Phonononga imali yedijithali yebhanki enguvimba ukuze kunyuswe umsebenzi wentlawulo yethenda esemthethweni, ukunciphisa ifuthe lezixhobo zentlawulo yedijithali yabucala, kunye nokuphucula imeko yethenda esemthethweni kunye nokusebenza komgaqo-nkqubo wemali.
Ukuphucula imeko yethenda esemthethweni

Nge-28 ka-Epreli, uSihlalo we-Fed u-Powell waphawula nge-digital renminbi: "Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokwenene kukunceda urhulumente abone zonke iintengiselwano zexesha langempela.Inxulumene kakhulu noko kwenzekayo kwinkqubo yabo yezemali kunokujongana nokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. "

U-Yao Qian ukholelwa ukuba “ukunceda urhulumente abone zonke iintengiselwano zexesha lokwenyani” ayiyompembelelo yovavanyo lwemali yedijithali yebhanki enguvimba waseTshayina.Iindlela zokuhlawula ezingeyomali zomntu wesithathu ezifana ne-Alipay kunye ne-WeChat ukuba amaShayina kudala aqhele ukuba aqonde ngokusemthethweni ukucaca kwazo zonke iintengiselwano zexesha lokwenyani, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekukhuselweni kobumfihlo bedatha, ukungaziwa, ukuzimela, ukucaca kokulawula kunye nokunye. imiba.I-RMB nayo yenzelwe le miba.

Ngokubanzi, ukukhuselwa kobumfihlo kunye nokungaziwa kwabasebenzisi nge-digital renminbi yeyona iphakamileyo phakathi kwezixhobo zokuhlawula zangoku.I-renminbi yedijithali ithatha uyilo "lwexabiso elincinci lokungaziwa kunye nokulandelelwa kwemali enkulu"."Ukungaziwa okulawulwayo" yinto ebalulekileyo ye-digital renminbi.Kwelinye icala, ibonakalisa indawo yayo ye-M0 kwaye ikhusela iitransekshini zikawonke-wonke ezingachazwanga amagama kunye nokhuseleko lolwazi lomntu.Kwelinye icala, ikwayinjongo yokuthintela, ukulawula nokulwa ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, inkxaso-mali yabanqolobi, ukuphepha irhafu nezinye izenzo ezingekho mthethweni nezolwaphulo-mthetho, nokugcina ukhuseleko lwemali.

Ngokuphathelele ukuba imali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi iya kucela umngeni kwimeko yedola yaseMelika njengemali yehlabathi, uPowell ukholelwa ukuba ngokubanzi akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka kakhulu.U-Yao Qian ukholelwa ukuba imeko yemali yamazwe ngamazwe yedola yaseMelika yenziwa ngokwembali, kwaye uninzi lwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neentlawulo eziwela imida ngoku zisekwe kwiidola zaseMelika.Nangona ezinye ii-stablecoins zehlabathi, ezifana ne-Libra, zijolise ekusombululeni iintlungu zeentlawulo ze-cross-border, ukwenza buthathaka isimo semali ye-dollar yamazwe ngamazwe ayisiyinjongo ye-CBDC.Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwiimali ezizimeleyo kunengqiqo yako yendalo.

"Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuvela kwemali yedijithali okanye izixhobo zokuhlawula idijithali ngokuqinisekileyo kunokutshintsha iphethini ekhoyo, kodwa eso sisiphumo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo emva kwenkqubo yedijithali kunye nokukhethwa kweemarike."Yao Qian uthe.

Ngokuphathelele ukuba i-renminbi yedijithali njengemali yedijithali yezomthetho inolawulo olungcono kunye nokulawula uqoqosho lwaseTshayina, u-Qian Jun, umphathi we-executive kunye noprofesa wezemali kwi-Fanhai International School of Finance yeYunivesithi yaseFudan, uxelele intatheli yethu ukuba i-digital renminbi ayiyi ngokupheleleyo. buyisela imali ngexesha elifutshane., Utshintsho olunokuthi lube lukhulu.Ngexesha elifutshane, i-China iya kuba neeseti ezimbini zeenkqubo zemali ngokuhambelanayo, enye yindawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala ye-renminbi yedijithali, kwaye enye yimali yangoku ejikelezayo.Kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, ukuqaliswa kunye nokuveliswa kweteknoloji ngokwayo kufuna inguqu ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo;Impembelelo kumgaqo-mali iya kubonakala kwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
Ujoliso lweDigital RMB R&D

Kule ntlanganiso ikhankanywe ngasentla, u-Yao Qian ubonise amanqaku asixhenxe abalulekileyo ukuba uphando lwemali yedijithali yebhanki kunye nophuhliso kufuneka luqwalaselwe.

Okokuqala, ngaba indlela yobugcisa isekelwe kwii-akhawunti okanye amathokheni?

Ngokweengxelo zoluntu, i-digital renminbi iye yamkele indlela ye-akhawunti, ngelixa amanye amazwe akhethe indlela ye-teknoloji ye-encrypted currency emelwe yiteknoloji ye-blockchain.Iindlela ezimbini zobugcisa ze-akhawunti-based kunye ne-token-based azikho konke okanye akukho nto ubudlelwane.Ngokwenene, iithokheni nazo ziyi-akhawunti, kodwa uhlobo olutsha lwe-akhawunti-i-akhawunti efihliweyo.Xa kuthelekiswa neeakhawunti zemveli, abasebenzisi banolawulo olomeleleyo oluzimeleyo kwiiakhawunti ezifihliweyo.

U-Yao Qian uthe: “Ngo-2014, siye saqhuba uphando olunzulu malunga ne-cryptocurrencies ephakathi kunye ne-decentralized cryptocurrencies, kuquka i-E-Cash kunye ne-Bitcoin.Ngandlela ithile, iimfuniselo zemali zedijithali zangaphambili zeBhanki yaBantu yaseTshayina kunye nombono we-cryptocurrency iyafana.Sijonge phambili ekulawuleni isitshixo kwi-cryptocurrency endaweni yokuphambuka. ”

Ngaphambili, ibhanki enguvimba waphuhlisa quasi-imveliso-level inkqubo yemali yedijithali yedijithali yeprototype esekelwe "ibhanki embindi-ibhanki yorhwebo" inkqubo ezimbini.Nangona kunjalo, ekuthengiseni okuphindaphindiweyo kokuphunyezwa, ukhetho lokugqibela lwaluqala ngomzila wezobugcisa ngokusekelwe kwiiakhawunti zendabuko.

UYao Qian ugxininise wathi: “Kufuneka sijonge uphuhliso lwemali yedijithali yebhanki enguvimba ngokwembono eguquguqukayo.Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokukhula kwetekhnoloji, imali yedijithali yebhanki esembindini nayo iyakufunxa itekhnoloji eyahlukahlukeneyo ephucukileyo kwaye iqhubeke iphucula inkqubo yayo yobugcisa bokwakha. "

Okwesibini, ngenxa yesigwebo sexabiso lexabiso le-renminbi yedijithali, ngaba ibhanki ephakathi inetyala ngokuthe ngqo okanye i-arhente yokusebenza inetyala?Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini ulele kwikholamu yetyala lebhalansi yebhanki yebhanki, erekhoda imali yedijithali yebhanki yomsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye uvimba we-arhente esebenzayo.

Ukuba i-arhente yokusebenza idiphozithi i-100% yengxowa-mali yogcino kunye nebhanki ephakathi kwaye iyisebenzise njengendawo yokugcina ukukhupha imali yedijithali, ngoko ke imali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi ibizwa ngokuba yi-CBDC yokwenziwa kumazwe ngamazwe, efana nenkqubo yebhanki ye-Hong Kong. .Lo mzekelo ubangele iinkxalabo zoPhando kumaziko amaninzi aquka iBhanki eyiNtloko yaseChina kunye ne-International Monetary Fund.Amanye amazwe asasebenzisa imodeli yetyala elithe ngqo kwibhanki yesiqhelo.

Okwesithathu, ngaba ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo lunemigangatho emibini okanye inqanaba elinye?

Okwangoku, ulwakhiwo olunemigangatho emibini ngokuthe ngcembe lwenza isivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe.I-Digital RMB isebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza yamanqanaba amabini.U-Yao Qian uthe ukusebenza kwamanqanaba amabini kunye nokusebenza kwinqanaba elinye ayisiyiyo enye indlela.Ezi zimbini ziyahambelana kubasebenzisi ukukhetha kuzo.

Ukuba imali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi iqhuba ngokuthe ngqo kwiinethiwekhi ze-blockchain ezifana ne-Ethereum kunye ne-Diem, ngoko ibhanki ephakathi ingasebenzisa iinkonzo zabo ze-BaaS ukubonelela ngokuthe ngqo imali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi kubasebenzisi ngaphandle kwesidingo sabalamli.Ukusebenza kwinqanaba elinye kunokwenza imali yedijithali yebhanki enguvimba incede amaqela ngaphandle kwee-akhawunti zebhanki kwaye ifezekise ukubandakanywa kwemali.

Okwesine, ngaba i-digital renminbi inomdla?Ukubalwa kwenzala kunokukhokelela ekudlulisweni kweediphozithi kwiibhanki zorhwebo kwibhanki ephakathi, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla okuthenga ngetyala kuyo yonke inkqubo yebhanki kwaye ibe "ibhanki encinci".

Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lukaYao Qian, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iibhanki eziphambili zibonakala zingoyiki kangako impembelelo yebhanki ye-CBDC.Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo yeyurophu yedijithali yeBhanki yaseYurophu indulule inkqubo yokubala ebizwa ngokuba yi-hierarchical interest calculation, esebenzisa inzala eguquguqukayo ukubala inzala kwii-euro ezahlukeneyo zedijithali ukunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho yeyuro yedijithali kushishino lwebhanki, uzinzo lwemali, kunye nokuhanjiswa komgaqo-nkqubo wemali.I-renminbi yedijithali okwangoku ayithatheli ngqalelo ubalo lwenzala.

Okwesihlanu, ngaba imodeli yokukhutshwa kufuneka ibe kukukhupha ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukutshintshiselana?

Umahluko phakathi kokukhutshwa kwemali kunye notshintshiselwano kukuba yangaphambili iqaliswe yibhanki ephakathi kwaye iphantsi konikezelo olusebenzayo;le yokugqibela iqalwa ngabasebenzisi bemali kwaye itshintshiselwano ngemfuno.

Ngaba ukuveliswa kwemali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi kukhutshiwe okanye kwatshintshiswa?Kuxhomekeke ekubekweni kwayo kunye neemfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo wemali.Ukuba kuphela i-M0 endaweni, iyafana nekheshi, etshintshwa ngokwemfuno;ukuba ibhanki esembindini ikhupha imali yedijithali kwimarike ngokuthengwa kwe-asethi ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wemali, kukukhutshelwa isikali eyandisiweyo.Ukukhutshwa kolwandiso kufuneka kuchaze iintlobo ze-asethi ezifanelekileyo kwaye kusebenze ngezixa ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxabiso.

Okwesithandathu, ngaba izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile ziya kuchaphazela umsebenzi wembuyekezo yomthetho?

Iiprojekthi zophando lwemali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi eyenziwa yiKhanada, iSingapore, iBhanki Enkulu yaseYurophu, kunye neBhanki yaseJapan zonke ziye zazama iikhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile.

U-Yao Qian uthe imali yedijithali ayinakuba yinto elula yokufanisa imali ebonakalayo, kwaye ukuba iinzuzo "zedijithali" ziza kusetyenziswa, imali yedijithali yexesha elizayo ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufikelela kwimali ehlakaniphile.Iimeko zangaphambili zeentlekele zenkqubo ezibangelwa ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kwiikontrakthi ezihlakaniphile zibonisa ukuba ukukhula kobuchwepheshe kufuneka kuphuculwe.Ngoko ke, imali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi kufuneka iqale ngeekontraka ezilula ezihlakaniphile kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yandise amandla ayo ngesiseko sokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko.

Okwesixhenxe, iingqwalasela zolawulo kufuneka zilinganise phakathi kokhuseleko lwabucala kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Kwelinye icala, i-KYC, i-anti-money laundering, i-anti-terrorist financing, kunye ne-anti-tax evasion yimigaqo esisiseko ekufuneka ilandelwe yimali yedijithali yebhanki ephakathi.Kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko lwabucala lwabasebenzisi.Iziphumo zothethwano loluntu lwe-European Central Bank kwi-euro yedijithali kwakhona zibonisa ukuba abahlali kunye neengcali ezibandakanyekayo ekuboniseni bakholelwa ukuba ubumfihlo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-euro yedijithali.

U-Yao Qian ugxininise ukuba kwihlabathi ledijithali, ukunyaniseka kwezazisi zedijithali, imiba yabucala, imiba yokhuseleko okanye iziphakamiso ezinkulu zolawulo lwentlalo zifuna ukuba senze uphando olunzulu.

Yao Qian wabonisa ngakumbi ukuba uphando lwemali yedijithali yebhanki engundoqo kunye nophuhliso yiprojekthi yenkqubo entsonkothileyo, engeyiyo ingxaki kuphela kwinkalo yobugcisa, kodwa ikwabandakanya imithetho nemimiselo, uzinzo lwezemali, umgaqo-nkqubo wemali, ulongamelo lwezemali, ezemali zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele. eminye imimandla ebanzi.Idola yedijithali yangoku, i-euro yedijithali, kunye neyen yedijithali ibonakala ngathi iya isanda.Xa kuthelekiswa nabo, ukukhuphisana kwe-digital renminbi kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi.