2017 ikukonzekera kukhala Chaka cha ICO.Dziko la China posachedwapa laletsa kupereka ndalama zachitsulo zoyamba, ndipo linauza makampani amene anachita zopezera ndalama ngati zimenezi kuti abweze ndalama zimene analandira.Ngakhale kuti madola 2.32 biliyoni adakwezedwa kudzera ku ICO - $ 2.16 biliyoni ya omwe adakwezedwa mu 2017, malinga ndi Cryptocompare - anthu ambiri akudabwabe: kodi ICO ndi chiyani padziko lapansi?

Mitu ya ICO yakhala yochititsa chidwi.EOS imakweza $ 185 miliyoni m'masiku asanu.Golem amakweza $8.6 miliyoni mumphindi.Qtum ikweza $15.6 miliyoni.Mafunde amakweza $ 2 miliyoni mu maola 24.The DAO, Ethereum anakonza decentralized ndalama ndalama, amakweza $120 miliyoni (lalikulu crowdfunding ndawala m'mbiri pa nthawiyo) pamaso kuthyolako $56 miliyoni wolumala ntchitoyo.

Mwachidule ponena za 'chopereka choyambirira', ICO ndi njira yosalamulirika yopezera ndalama ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabizinesi a blockchain.Othandizira oyambirira amalandira zizindikiro posinthanitsa ndi crypto-currencies, monga Bitcoin, Ether ndi ena.Zogulitsazo zimatheka ndi Ethereum ndi chizindikiro chake cha ERC20, ndondomeko yopangidwa kuti ikhale yosavuta kwa omanga kupanga ma crypto-tokens awo.Ngakhale ma tokeni ogulitsidwa amatha kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ambiri alibe.Kugulitsa ma token kumalola opanga kuti apeze ndalama zothandizira polojekitiyi ndi mapulogalamu omwe akumanga.

Mlembi wa Bitcoin.com a Jamie Redman adalemba positi ya acerbic 2017 yofotokoza zabodza za "Do Nothing Technologies" (DNT) ICO."[F] atadwala ndi saladi ya mawu a blockchain ndi masamu ogwirizana," pepala loyera loyera limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti "Kugulitsa kwa DNT si ndalama kapena chizindikiro chomwe chili ndi mtengo uliwonse."

Ikuwonjezera kuti: "Cholinga cha blockchain cha 'Musamachitire Inu' ndi chosavuta kumvetsetsa.Mumatipatsa ma bitcoins ndi ether, ndipo tikulonjeza kuti tidzadzaza matumba athu ndi chuma ndipo sitingakuthandizeni ngakhale pang’ono.”

MyEtherWallet, chikwama cha ma tokeni a ERC20 omwe nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi ma ICO, posachedwapa adatulutsa chigamulo cha ICO: "Simumapereka chithandizo kwa omwe akukugulitsani.Simumateteza ndalama zanu.Simukuthandizira kuphunzitsa osunga ndalama. ”Sikuti aliyense amatsutsa kwambiri zamatsenga.

"Ma ICO ndi njira yaulere yamsika yopezera ndalama zoyambira ndalama," akutero Alexander Norta, katswiri wakale wazaka zamgwirizano wanzeru."Ndi njira yopezera ndalama za anarcho-capitalistic, ndipo izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale zatsopano zambiri zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri ntchito ya mabanki achinyengo ndi maboma okulirapo.Ma ICO atsitsimutsanso capitalism yaulere ndikuchepetsa boma lomwe lili ndi capitalism yomwe tili nayo pano. ”

Malingana ndi Reuben Bramanathan, Wopanga Zamalonda ku Coinbase, zizindikiro za munthu aliyense zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ufulu.Zizindikiro zina ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa netiweki.Ntchito zina zitha kuchitika popanda chizindikiro.Chizindikiro chamtundu wina sichikhala ndi cholinga, monga momwe zilili ndi Redman's satirical post.

Loya wokonda kwambiri zaukadaulo, mbadwa ya ku Australia ndipo tsopano akukhala ku Bay Area, anati: “Chizindikirocho chingakhale ndi mikhalidwe ingapo."Mutha kukhala ndi ma tokeni omwe amalonjeza maufulu omwe amawoneka ngati ma equity, zopindula kapena zokonda pakampani.Zizindikiro zina zitha kuwonetsa zatsopano komanso zosiyana, monga mapulogalamu ogawidwa kapena ma protocol atsopano osinthanitsa zinthu. "

Ma tokeni a Golem network, mwachitsanzo, amathandizira otenga nawo gawo kulipira mphamvu yokonza makompyuta.Bambo Bramanathan anati: “Chizindikiro choterocho sichimaoneka ngati chitetezo chamwambo."Zikuwoneka ngati pulogalamu yatsopano kapena pulogalamu yogawidwa.Mapulojekitiwa akufuna kugawira zizindikiro kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi ndipo akufuna kubzala maukonde omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito pazofunsira.Golem akufuna onse ogula ndi ogulitsa makompyuta kuti apange netiweki. ”

Ngakhale kuti ICO ndi nthawi yodziwika kwambiri mu danga, Bambo Bramanathan amakhulupirira kuti sizokwanira."Ngakhale kuti mawuwa adawonekera chifukwa pali kufananitsa [pakati pa njira ziwirizo] zopezera ndalama, zimapereka malingaliro olakwika kuchokera ku zomwe malondawa ali," akutero."Ngakhale IPO ndi njira yodziwika bwino yotengera kampani pagulu, kugulitsa ma tokeni ndikugulitsa koyambirira kwa katundu wa digito woyimira mtengo womwe ungakhalepo.Ndizosiyana kwambiri pankhani yazachuma komanso malingaliro amtengo wapatali kuposa IPO.Mawu akuti token sale, pre-sale or crowdsales amamveka bwino. ”

Zowonadi, makampani achoka ku mawu oti "ICO" kuyambira mochedwa chifukwa mawuwa amatha kusokeretsa ogula ndikukopa chidwi chosafunikira.M'malo mwake, Bancor adachita "Token Allocation Event".EOS idatcha kugulitsa kwake "Token Distribution Event."Ena agwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti 'token sale', 'fundraiser', 'contribution' ndi zina zotero.

Onse a US ndi Singapore adawonetsa kuti adzawongolera msika, koma palibe wowongolera yemwe watenga udindo pa ICO kapena kugulitsa zizindikiro.China idayimitsa kugulitsa ma token, koma akatswiri akuwona kuti ayambiranso.Bungwe la US Securities and Exchange Commission ndi Financial Conduct Authority ku UK anenapo ndemanga, koma palibe amene adakhazikitsa malo okhwima okhudza momwe lamulo limagwirira ntchito pa zizindikiro.

"Awa ndi malo opitilira kusatsimikizika kwa opanga ndi amalonda," akutero Bambo Bramanathan."Lamulo lachitetezo liyenera kusintha.Pakalipano, ngati machitidwe abwino atuluka, tidzawona opanga, osinthana ndi ogula akuphunzira maphunziro kuchokera ku malonda a zizindikiro zakale.Tikuyembekezanso kuwona kugulitsa kwa ma token kupita ku mtundu wa KYC kapena mtundu womwe akufuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe anthu angagule ndikuwonjezera kugawa. "