I-2017 ibumba ukuba ibe nguNyaka we-ICO.I-China isandula ukuvala iminikelo yengqekembe yokuqala, kwaye iyalele iinkampani ezenze iinzame zokunyusa ingxowa-mali zibuyisele imali eziyifumeneyo.Nangona i-2.32 yeebhiliyoni zeedola iphakanyiswe nge-ICO - i-2.16 yeebhiliyoni zeedola eziye zaphakanyiswa kwi-2017, ngokutsho kwe-Cryptocompare - abantu abaninzi basazibuza: yintoni ehlabathini i-ICO, kunjalo?

Izihloko ze-ICO ziye zachukumisa.I-EOS iphakamisa i-185 yezigidi zeedola kwiintsuku ezintlanu.UGolem unyusa i-8.6 yezigidi zeedola ngemizuzu.I-Qtum inyusa i-15.6 yezigidi zeedola.Amaza anyusa i-2 yezigidi zeedola kwiiyure ezingama-24.I-DAO, ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali ecetywayo ka-Ethereum, inyusa i-120 yezigidi zeerandi (elona phulo likhulu le-crowdfunding kwimbali ngelo xesha) ngaphambi kokuba i-56 yezigidi ze-hack ikhubaze iprojekthi.

Ngokufutshane 'ngomnikelo wengqekembe yokuqala', i-ICO yindlela engalawulwayo yokunyusa imali kwaye idla ngokuqeshwa ngamashishini asekelwe kwi-blockchain.Abaxhasi bokuqala bafumana amathokheni ngokutshintshiselana nge-crypto-currencies, njenge-Bitcoin, i-Ether kunye nabanye.Ukuthengisa kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngu-Ethereum kunye nomgangatho we-ERC20 wethokheni, iprotocol eyenzelwe ukuba kube lula kubaphuhlisi ukuba benze ii-crypto-tokens zabo.Ngelixa amathokheni athengiswayo anokuba nokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, uninzi alunawo.Ukuthengiswa kwamathokheni kuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba banyuse imali yokuxhasa iprojekthi kunye nezicelo abazakhayo.

Umbhali weBitcoin.com uJamie Redman wabhala isithuba se-acerbic 2017 esazisa inkohliso ethi "Musa ukwenza nto iTekhnoloji" (DNT) ICO."[F] egula ngesaladi yegama le-blockchain kunye nezibalo ezihambelana ngokukhululekileyo," iphepha elimhlophe le-satirical likwenza kucace ukuba "Intengiso ye-DNT ayilotyalo-mali okanye uphawu olunalo naliphi na ixabiso."

Yongeza isithi: “Injongo ye-blockchain ethi 'Ungakwenzela Nto' kulula ukuyiqonda.Usinika iibitcoins kunye ne-ether, kwaye siyathembisa ukuba siya kuzizalisa iipokotho zethu ngobutyebi kwaye asizokukunceda nakancinci. "

I-MyEtherWallet, isipaji seethokheni ze-ERC20 ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa ne-ICO, kutsha nje i-tweets ikhuphe isityholo se-ICO: “Awuboneleli ngenkxaso kubatyali-mali bakho.Awubakhuseli abatyali-zimali bakho.Awuncedi ekufundiseni abatyali-zimali bakho. ”Ayinguye wonke umntu oyigxekayo le craze.

UAlexander Norta, igqala lekhontrakthi enobuchule, ithi: “Ii-ICO yindlela esimahla yokunyusa imali yokuqalisa ishishini.“Ngokwenene yindlela yokuxhasa ngemali i-anarcho-capitalistic, kwaye iya kukhokelela kwizinto ezininzi ezintsha eziya kunciphisa kakhulu indima yeebhanki ezinobuqhophololo kunye noorhulumente abakhulu.Ii-ICO ziya kuvuselela i-capitalism yentengiso yasimahla kwakhona kwaye inciphise lo rhulumente uqhuba ubungxowankulu esinabo ngoku. "

Ngokutsho kukaRuben Bramanathan, uMcebisi weMveliso kwiCoinbase, amathokheni ngamnye akhonza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye namalungelo.Ezinye iithokheni zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi.Ezinye iiprojekthi zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kwethokheni.Olunye uhlobo lwethokheni alusebenzisi njongo, njengoko kunjalo kwi-post satirical ka-Redman.

Igqwetha eligxile kubugcisa, inzalelwane yaseOstreliya ngoku elihlala kwiBay Area lithi: “Umqondiso unokuba naziphi na iimpawu.“Usenokuba neethokheni ezithembisa amalungelo ajongeka njengee-equity, izabelo okanye umdla kwinkampani.Ezinye iithokheni zinokubonisa into entsha neyahlukileyo, enje ngee-apps ezisasaziweyo okanye iiprothokholi ezintsha zokutshintshiselana ngezixhobo.

Iithokheni zenethiwekhi yeGolem, umzekelo, yenza ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bahlawule amandla okusebenza kwekhompyuter."Umqondiso onjalo awubonakali njengokhuseleko lwendabuko," ngokutsho kukaMnu. Bramanathan."Kubonakala ngathi yiprothokholi entsha okanye usetyenziso olusasaziweyo.Ezi projekthi zifuna ukuhambisa amathokheni kubasebenzisi be-app kwaye bafuna ukutyala inethiwekhi eya kusetyenziswa kwizicelo.UGolem ufuna abathengi kunye nabathengisi bamandla okusebenza kwekhompyuter ukwakha inethiwekhi. ”

Nangona i-ICO iyigama eliqhelekileyo kwisithuba, uMnumzana Bramanathan ukholelwa ukuba ayanelanga."Ngelixa eli gama lavela ngenxa yokuba kukho ukuthelekiswa [phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokunyusa imali, inika ingcamango engalunganga malunga nokuba ziyintoni na ezi ntengiso," utsho."Nangona i-IPO yinkqubo eqondwa kakuhle yokuthatha inkampani yoluntu, ukuthengiswa kwethokheni kukuthengiswa kwesigaba sokuqala se-asethi yedijithali emele ixabiso elinokubakho.Inene yahluke kakhulu ngokwethisisi yotyalo-mali kunye nesiphakamiso sexabiso kune-IPO.Igama elithi ukuthengisa ithokheni, ukuthengiswa kwangaphambili okanye ukuthengiswa kwabantu abaninzi kunengqiqo ngakumbi. "

Enyanisweni, iinkampani ziye zahamba kude negama elithi "ICO" njengasemva kwexesha kuba eli gama lingalahlekisa abathengi kwaye litsale ingqalelo engadingekile yokulawula.I-Bancor ibambe "Isigigaba soLwabiwo lweMifanekiso."I-EOS yabiza ukuthengiswa kwayo “njengoMnyhadala woSabelo lweToken.”Abanye basebenzise amagama athi 'intengiso yophawu', 'ingxowa-mali', 'igalelo' njalo njalo.

Bobabini i-US kunye neSingapore baye babonisa ukuba baya kulawula imarike, kodwa akukho mlawuli oye wathatha isikhundla esisemthethweni kwii-ICO okanye kwiintengiso zamathokheni.I-China ikumisile ukuthengisa iithokheni, kodwa iingcali emhlabeni zibona kwangaphambili ukuqaliswa kwakhona.I-US Securities and Exchange Commission kunye ne-Financial Conduct Authority e-UK baye baphawula, kodwa akukho namnye oye waseka isikhundla esiqinileyo malunga nendlela umthetho osebenza ngayo kwiithokheni.

"Le yindawo yokungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo kubaphuhlisi kunye noosomashishini," utshilo uMnu. Bramanathan.“Umthetho wezokhuseleko kuya kufuneka ulungelelanise.Okwangoku, ukuba izenzo ezilungileyo ziyavela, siya kubona abaphuhlisi, abatshintshiselwano kunye nabathengi bafunda izifundo kwiintengiso zamathokheni adlulileyo.Sikwalindele ukubona intengiso yeethokheni ifudukela kwimodeli ye-KYC okanye ubuncinci imodeli ejolise ukunciphisa inani abantu abanokuthenga kwaye banyuse ukuhanjiswa. "