2017 iri kuumba kuva Gore reICO.China nguva pfupi yadarika yakarambidza kupihwa kwemari yekutanga, uye yakaraira makambani akange aita nhamburiko dzakadaro dzekutsvaga mari kuti adzosere mari yaakagamuchira.Kunyange zvazvo $ 2.32 bhiriyoni yakasimudzwa kuburikidza neICOs - $ 2.16 mabhiriyoni eiyo yakasimudzwa muna 2017, maererano neCryptocompare - vanhu vakawanda vachiri kushamisika: chii chiri munyika ICO, zvakadaro?

Iyo ICO misoro yave inonakidza.EOS inokwidza $ 185 mamiriyoni mumazuva mashanu.Golem anokwidza $8.6 miriyoni mumaminetsi.Qtum inokwidza $15.6 miriyoni.Mafungu anokwidza $2 miriyoni mumaawa makumi maviri nemana.The DAO, Ethereum kwakarongwa decentralized inivhesitimendi homwe, anomutsa $120 mamiriyoni (mushandirapamwe mukuru crowdfunding munhoroondo panguva) pamberi $56 mamiriyoni Hack akaremara chirongwa.

Ipfupi ye 'yekutanga coin inopa', ICO inzira isina kudzorwa yekuunganidza mari uye inowanzo shandiswa ne blockchain-based ventures.Vatsigiri vepakutanga vanogamuchira zviratidzo mukutsinhana kwekristpto-currencies, seBitcoin, Ether nevamwe.Izvo zvinotengeswa zvinogoneka neEthereum uye yayo ERC20 token standard, protocol yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogadzira kugadzira yavo ye crypto-tokens.Nepo ma tokeni anotengeswa anogona kuve nekushandiswa kwakasiyana, mazhinji haana.Tokeni yekutengesa inobvumira vanogadzira kukwidza mari yekutsigira chirongwa uye maapplication avari kuvaka.

Munyori weBitcoin.com Jamie Redman akanyora acerbic 2017 post achiunza iyo yenhema "Do Nothing Technologies" (DNT) ICO."[F] akarwara ne blockchain izwi saladhi uye masvomhu asina hukama," bepa jena rinoratidza pachena kuti "Kutengeswa kweDNT hakusi kwekudyara kana chiratidzo chine chero kukosha."

Inowedzera kuti: "Chinangwa che 'Usakuitira Chinhu' blockchain chiri nyore kunzwisisa.Munotipa mabitcoins ne ether, uye tinovimbisa kuti tichazadza homwe dzedu nehupfumi uye hatikubatsirei kana nepadiki.

MyEtherWallet, chikwama cheERC20 tokens kazhinji-chakabatana neICOs, nguva pfupi yadarika yakapamha mhosva yeICOs: “Haupi rutsigiro kune vanoisa mari.Iwe haudziviriri vako vanoisa mari.Iwe haubatsire kudzidzisa vanoisa mari yako. "Haasi munhu wese anonyanya kutsoropodza kupenga.

"ICOs inzira yemusika yemahara yekuunganidza mari yekutanga mari," anodaro Alexander Norta, nyanzvi yezvekondirakiti yakangwara."Ichokwadi inzira yekubhadhara mari, uye ichatungamira kune zvakawanda zvinotonhorera izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya basa remabhanga ehutsotsi nehurumende dzakakura.ICOs ichamutsidzira musika wemahara capitalism zvakare uye kuderedza hurumende iyi inomhanyisa-capitalism yatinayo ikozvino. "

Maererano naReuben Bramanathan, Product Counsel paCoinbase, zviratidzo zvega zvega zvinoshanda mabasa akasiyana uye kodzero.Mamwe ma tokens akakosha mukushanda kwetiweki.Mamwe mapurojekiti anogona kuitika pasina chiratidzo.Imwe mhando yechiratidzo haishande chero chinangwa, sezvazvakaita muRedman's satirical post.

“Chiratidzo chinogona kuva nemhando ipi zvayo,” rinodaro gweta rinonyanya kukoshesa zvemichina, chizvarwa chokuAustralia zvino chinogara kuBay Area."Unogona kunge uine mamwe ma tokeni anovimbisa kodzero dzinoita senge equities, dividends kana zvido mukambani.Mamwe ma tokens anogona kupa chimwe chinhu chitsva uye chakasiyana, senge maapplication akagoverwa kana maprotocol matsva ekuchinjana zviwanikwa.

Golem network tokens, semuenzaniso, inogonesa vatori vechikamu kubhadhara simba rekugadzirisa komputa.“Chiratidzo chakadaro hachiratidziki sechengeteko yechinyakare,” maererano naVaBramanathan."Inotaridzika seprotocol nyowani kana app yakagoverwa.Aya mapurojekiti anoda kugovera tokeni kune vashandisi veapp uye ivo vanoda kudyara network iyo ichashandiswa mumashandisirwo.Golem anoda vese vatengi nevatengesi vemagetsi ekugadzirisa komputa kuti vavake network. "

Kunyange zvazvo ICO iri izwi rinonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo, VaBramanathan vanotenda kuti haina kukwana."Kunyange zvazvo izwi rakabuda nokuti pane kumwe kuenzanisa [pakati penzira mbiri dze] kuunganidza mari, inopa pfungwa isiri iyo kubva kune izvo kutengesa uku," anodaro.“Kunyange IPO iri nzira inonzwisiswa yekutora kambani kuruzhinji, kutengeswa kwechiratidzo ndiyo yekutanga nhanho kutengeswa kwemidziyo yedhijitari inomiririra kukosha kwayo.Izvo chaizvo zvakasiyana zvakanyanya maererano neinvestment thesis uye kukosha kwechirevo pane IPO.Izwi rekuti token sale, pre-sale or crowdsale rine musoro. "

Chokwadi, makambani akasiya izwi rekuti "ICO" senguva pfupi yapfuura nekuti izwi rinogona kutsausa vatengi uye kukwezva kutarisisa kusingakoshi kwekutonga.Bancor yakabata "Token Allocation Event".EOS yakadana kutengeswa kwayo "Chiratidzo chekugovera Chiitiko."Vamwe vakashandisa mazwi ekuti 'token sale', 'fundraiser', 'contribution' zvichingodaro.

Vese veUS neSingapore vakasaina kuti vaizotonga musika, asi hapana mutongi atora chinzvimbo paICOs kana tokeni yekutengesa.China yakamisa kutengesa kwetokeni, asi nyanzvi dziri pasi dzakaona kutangazve.US Securities and Exchange Commission neFinancial Conduct Authority muUK vataura, asi hapana vakasimbisa chinzvimbo chakasimba chekuti mutemo unoshanda sei kune tokeni.

"Iyi inzvimbo yekuenderera mberi kusava nechokwadi kune vanogadzira uye vezvemabhizimisi," anodaro Mr. Bramanathan.“Mutemo wezvicherwa uchafanirwa kuchinjika.Zvichakadaro, kana maitiro akanaka akabuda, tichaona vanogadzira, vanotsinhana uye vatengi vachidzidza zvidzidzo kubva pane zvakapfuura tokeni kutengesa.Isu tinotarisirawo kuona imwe tokeni yekutengesa ichienda kuKYC modhi kana imwe modhi inotarwa kudzikamisa huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kutenga uye kuwedzera kugovera. "